The last lecture by Randy pausch Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The last lecture by Randy pausch - Movie Review Example First, he started by telling that he was to talk about other things but not cancer, his wife and so forth. These are the things he was known to talk about in his speeches. Therefore, by doing this, he shows his audience that he can venture into other issues of a common good. This way also, he changed his audiences’ attitude towards life by tracing his childhood dreams and encouraging young people to dream. He also narrated to his audience his experiences when enabling dreams of others by impacting knowledge and skills to them. Pausch uses jokes, audience engagement and life experience episodes, anecdotes and dramatic pauses to relate to his objectives of changing people’s attitudes and acknowledging his contribution to the world. To connect with his audience in hundreds, Pausch makes sure he engages his audience and clears tensions by resorting to; for instance series of push-ups on stage (Pausch 3 -5). Some of the techniques he uses like humor are natural to him, but some techniques like performing push-ups and constant microphone adjustment are intentional and meant to make the show lively. Yes, I was moved when he mentioned about his cancer issue and demonstrated his hope when he acquired a new home for his family to stay in, when he dies. With the freedom of speech, any person is justified to share his or her experiences provided doing this does not interfere with rights of others. There are no dangers as far as one is within the guidelines. Most portions of the program were on top of me especially the parts where he made compelling comparisons, humor and dramatic pauses. According to Pausch, a â€Å"head fake† is a method of teaching where learners is taught something by making them assume they are learning something else. For example, teaching students programming and making them assume they are making movies and games. The two â€Å"head fakes† that Pausch talks about in his lecture are indirect learning and

Enron Corporate Culture Essay Example for Free

Enron Corporate Culture Essay Bench was founded in the Philippines by Ben Chan in 1987 originally selling men’s t-shirt in small retail stores. The brand is registered under the trademark of Suyen Corporation. The brand also grew on providing ladies’ line, underwear, fragrances, house wares, snacks, and a wide array of other lifestyle products, Kyle Marco P. de Vera, Justin Andrew Lawrence L. Rigor and Jolo Marco R. Tayag are junior students from the Department of Marketing and Corporate Communications in San Beda College AY: 2012-2013. The researchers have equally contributed to the fulfillment of the research with the help and advice of Dr. Jennifer T. Ramos. with the distinction of being present in virtually every retail space in the Philippines, and with a worldwide network of stores and outlets, reaching as far as the United States, the Middle East, and China. It has also been a pioneer to the use of celebrity endorsers, television, and giant billboards to push for a fashion brand that offers premium quality products at affordable prices in the market. By multiple product line and brand extensions, Bench was able to go through demographic divisions such as age, gender, socioeconomic status having â€Å"Bench is forever† as the company’s article of faith. Emerging as a global brand, Bench has 610 stores worldwide, 67 internationally 543 locally. (Adapted from Bench’s Website) Growing globally resulted to creating new product lines and extensions of the Brand; known for being an apparel brand, Bench as a product-oriented company have evolved into being a market oriented brand not only selling clothes but also extending to the market’s needs in terms of lifestyle such as food and personal care. One of Bench’s promising extensions is Bench Fix, aside from the Fix salon, hair wax is also one of the commonly sought product today in their offerings. Many companies or brand today have been adapting to the trends and needs of the society, by utilizing the brand that they have established in the market, they make their offerings relevant at the fast changing time. Product-line and brand extensions do not only create new markets but it is also one of the strategies in maximizing brand equity to survive in the competitive industry. The intention of the study is to know whether Bench is a strong Brand, by assessing its brand equity, brand positioning and competitiveness in the market and eventually make realizations for other pioneered and extending brand entities. The researchers got interested with this particular study because they want to discover whether a local brand of apparel like Bench, can be a strong brand and if it can be as appealing as those of the foreign brands that Filipinos patronize. Operational Framework Input Process Output Figure 1. 1 showed the three variables that have been assessed to know whether Bench is a strong brand, it can be measured through the independent variables, and these are the brand equity, the brand positioning and how Bench deals with the competition. The dependent variable is Bench being a strong brand because it has been the variable subject for result. The figure also displayed the process that the researchers have worked on. The research is a descriptive type of study. Survey was used to gather quantitative data which had been interpreted by its corresponding verbal interpretations. The person triangulation was intended to check and balance the consumers’ evaluation and be able to supplement qualitative data. Conceptual Framework This concept was adapted from , which suggested that a strong brand is manifested through the following indicators; Strong Brand Equity, Strong and Clear Brand Positioning, and Competitiveness. The main problem of the study is to know whether Bench is a strong brand. It specifically seeks to answer these following questions: 1. What is the assessment of the consumers to Bench’s brand equity? a. Brand Awareness b. Perceived Quality c. Brand Loyalty d. Brand Association 2. What is the consumers’ assessment on Bench’s brand positioning level? a. Attribute b. Benefits c. Beliefs and Values 3. How does Bench deal with the competition? a. The relative strengths and weaknesses of competition. b. The marketing strategies of their competition. Assumptions were used in this study. The researchers assumed that the product line and brand extensions of Bench are only categorized into accessories, apparel, personal care, footwear and food that the consumers have assessed in the questionnaire. They also assumed the determinants used in assessing the brand positioning. The researchers presumed that the close competitors of Bench are Folded Hung, Mint, Penshoppe, and People are People. The researchers assumed that Bench is not a strong brand. The study will benefit local competitive company brands to push for a more valuable product and service to create stronger brands enabling them to prepare for product and brand extensions so that they can survive long in the competitive market, not only that they will focus on their current products and services but they can also focus on the other needs and interests of the market. This study will also be able to provide companies and researchers a basis for assessing whether a brand is strong or not. The study will also benefit Bench, because the study will be able to provide an insight with regards to the brand’s current standing and be able to help them identify their existing constraints that inhibit their full brand development. To the researchers, the study will serve as ground for development, as future marketers. This research will be a good foundation for their career. In this study they will be able to assess, select, and apply carefully theories and concepts that they have learned and to the future researchers, the study will be a good source of information if ever it will relate to their topic well. The researchers are expecting that this will be available to the public since the current researchers also had a hard time finding local studies, this will be a good reference for them. Hopefully, the future researchers will be able to improve on this study and also be aspired to help other local researchers as well. It will also benefit the consumers, with the study conducted they will be able to learn and explore more of a brand’s offerings in the market. With more choices, variation in the brand, it will likely improve their buying behavior as to how they manage their lifestyle of selection and consumption. The scope of this study was limited on the assessment of the indicators of a strong brand, which was adopted from Armstrong and Kotler, namely; brand equity, brand positioning, and how a brand deals with competition in the market. The researchers were only focused on Bench as subject. With regards to the quantitative data, there is an ideal number of one hundred (100) respondents composed of buyers and nonusers of the brand to avoid conditional sampling; For the qualitative data, one (1) of Bench’s brand manager and one (1) brand manager of Bench’s competitor has been interviewed, particularly Folded Hung. Because the study is only good for duration of five (5) months, it has to meet with the researchers’ convenience. The researchers are bounded by time financial difficulty, respondents and lack of expertise. Review of Related Literature Building a Brand, a Strong One Brands play an important role in the purchasing decision of the product or service . Companies establish a brand primarily because they want to be considered a reference for customers when purchasing or availing products and services. Like what have said in their study, brands act as shorthand in the consumer’s minds so that they do not have to think much about their purchase decision. Being a reference provider, the brands are the interface between consumers and the company; on the other hand consumers are subject to commit to brands. Since brand is a cluster of functional and emotional values that promises a unique welcome experience (Chang Liu, 2009) and are fundamentally about relationships, these should form the main source of any company’s connection to the customers so that a brand may be able to avoid negative perception and aim for positive feedbacks. Brand’s influence is not imposed by the company or the business; rather their relevance depends on the needs and wants of the people because â€Å"the power of the brand lies in the minds of consumers† . â€Å"Brand name alone does not make a brand† one has to be strong enough to develop a market-leading brand capacity that is essential for long-term competitiveness. What is a strong brand anyway? In identifying a strong brand, we have to take in consideration some key indicators of such; high brand equity, brand positioning and competitiveness. The Brand’s Labor: Brand Equity Aaker defines brand equity as a set of assets and liabilities inked to a brand’s name and symbol that adds to or subtracts from the value perceived by a product or service to a firm and or the firm’s customer however Keller defines brand equity as the differential effect of the brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand . Aaker’s definition on brand equity is centered on the consumer’s negative or positive perception attached to the brand while Keller described it as the difference between the business’ projection of the brand on the consumer’s interpretation and perception of the brand. Taking it from a study’s perspective, have suggested that brand equity is the outcome that accrues to a product with its brand name compared with those that would accrue if the same product did not have a brand name, simply put it is the outcome of the overall marketing effort of the brand. Since there is already an evaluation of the product and service, brand equity plays a role in how information is learned and then retrieved and used in making choice . That is why brand equity has emerged as a key strategic asset that needs to be monitored and nurtured for maximum long-term performance . Not only that it serves as an important signal to reduce perceived risk but it is also why considers brand equity as the value of a brand to the firm. According to brands with higher equity have an established strength in the market for they are able to generate higher immediate returns from their marketing mix efforts and higher loyalty brands generate greater stockpiling from promotions. Also have mentioned that buyers respond to branding by purchasing the same products or brands or by showing preference toward a particular brand, bringing firms higher in the market share, higher profits or share value. To sum it all up, brands which have higher equity can get the customer’s preference and tendencies and result in higher level of sale . The concept of brand equity has remained a complex phenomenon for many researchers because of the many associated concepts applicable under it. To understand it fully, the researchers would have to identify its key components. Aaker approaches brand equity as a set of fundamental dimensions grouped into a complex system comprising mainly: brand awareness, brand perceived quality, brand loyalty and brand association. The Impression, Brand Awareness For a brand to sustain a presence in the marketplace, people must be aware of it. As such, at its most basic level, knowledge encompasses brand awareness and the extent to which customers recall and recognize the brand. . To define brand awareness, it is the consumer’s ability to identify the brand and can be measured with the help of brand recall and brand recognition. Brand recall is the ability of consumers to retrieve the brand from memory, when the product category, the needs fulfilled by the category, or some other type of probe, is given as a cue. Brand recognition reflects the ability of consumers to confirm prior exposure to the brand . It is also the extent to which a person able to recognize a particular brand given a set of brands according to . According to the role of brand awareness in building brand equity depends on the strength of the brand’s presence in the consumers’ mind and with that brand awareness had become a vital factor to influence the buying decisions and purchase intentions . It also enhances the prospects of being considered in the future purchase situations. . But awareness alone is not enough according to for the initial work was found that awareness alone was not adequate to build brand understanding. It will also need help of the other brand equity’s dimensions. Perceived Quality: The Judgment To sustain one’s presence in the market, awareness had been the founding principle to perform such but is the image just right to deliver positive quality perception that may even push more knowledgeable consumers to buy or purchase products. Perceived Quality is defined as the customer’s judgment of performance of a performance excellence of a product or service relative to the expectations of quality (Balaji, 2011). In other words perceived brand quality represents consumers’ view of how well a brand meets their requirement and expectations . According to , he stated that â€Å"perceived quality also represent consumers’ judgments regarding a brand’s overall superiority†. To add on Huang’s study, said that consumers’ apparel purchase decisions may be more likely to be influenced by their perceptions of apparel attributes such as price, quality, and style than by their concerns about the ethnical conditions under which apparel is or was produced. Perceived quality is a consumer’s subjective judgment about products or services . It is personal and irrational, quality may only equate to a certain features and benefits that are unique or different from others and these qualities may not be of standard or preference of one prospect, meaning a brand may only be able to be successful if they impress the right people or the target market per se. Brand Association: The Synapse Associations represent what the brand stands for and imply a promise to customers from the organization members. This means that brand association is something that provides meaning to a brand . In other words, brand association are ideas or descriptions consumers can relate with the product or service offered by the brand. Other definition of brand association stated by and is that it is anything linked in the memory of the consumers to the brand and the thoughts that come up to mind after brand or offering is recalled. Brand associations help consumers retrieve and process information and evoke a positive effect and cognitive considerations of the benefits . By convenience, brand association can actually make the product information more accessible that it can influence faster purchase decisions of consumers. Brand Loyalty: The Corner Stone Another dimension of brand equity is brand loyalty. To define brand loyalty on understanding, it is â€Å"a deeply commitment to rebuy or repatronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, causing repetitive same brand or same brand set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior†. In relation to the study, mentioned that loyalty is understood to be a long term attachment to a firm and it is considered to be intimately linked to consumer based brand equity. Now how can brand loyalty be of use, brand loyalty is of strategic importance for companies to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage because it is considered as one of the most important factors affecting consumer choice according to and. In identifying loyalty, satisfaction strength is a vital determinant because it plays a crucial role in the translation of stated satisfaction into customer loyalty and research of indicates that though satisfaction is link to some aspects of loyalty, its impact may depend on facets of the prior relational experience. In addition, the authors anticipate that satisfaction strength will influence both loyalty and the translation of satisfaction into loyalty, also suggested that the willingness of individual consumers, employees, friends the investor personal sacrifices in order to strengthen the relationship may help. One of brand loyalty’s substance is, Brand self-connection wherein according to is the idea that attachment involves a bond with the brand included as part of the self; it suggests that a critical aspect of attachment involves the cognitive and emotional connection between the brand and the self. That’s why trust in a brand is important and is a key factor in the development of brand loyalty according to because it can result to customer retention. In metaphor, brand loyalty is the cornerstone of brand equity and brand itself. Brand Positioning According to marketers need to position their brands clearly to target costumer’s minds at the lowest level; they can position the brand on product attributes. However attributes are the least desirable level for brand positioning. A brand can be better positioned by associating its name with a desirable benefit. The strongest brands go beyond attribute or benefit positioning. They are positioned on a strong beliefs and values. They explained the concept of brand positioning in terms of its three levels. The brand must be aligned to its goals and prospect consumers in order to be positioned well in the market. Like what have mentioned in their study, consistency in value delivered helps brand providers understand the value targets and helps customers understand the brand positioning. In the study of , they stated that it is important for businesses to create attraction in their brand to be better positioned than their competitors. In return, when a brand has a relative advantage in consumers’ mind, its market share should increase or at least not decrease . The study of mentioned that positioning is a very left brained phenomenon, where brands are narrowly defined by either personality or benefits. When one defines brands so rigidly, the advertising gets predictable, and there’s no margin for creativity or expansion. Fluid nature and flexibility is one of the ways for brands to survive. Brand belief works by tracking a particular brand also by trying to see it in the context of other brands of the same category, the comparison creates a distinct positioning. Advantages to Competition

Dishonesty in The Great Gatsby Essay -- The Great Gatsby Essays

Lies are a treacherous thing, yet everyone tells a few lies during their lifetime. Deceit surrounds us all the time; even when one reads classic literature. For example, F. Scott Fitzgerald makes dishonesty a major theme in his novel The Great Gatsby. The falsehoods told by the characters in this novel leads to inevitable tragedy when the truth is revealed. Jay Gatsby, one of the main characters in the novel, fails to realize that when one tells a lie, it comes back to bite you. For example, he initially tells his neighbor, and potential friend Nick, that he had inherited his redundant sums of money from his family. One night, the night Gatsby reunites with Daisy, he and Nick are admiring his substantial house. During the conversation, Gatsby slips out, â€Å"It took me just three years to earn the money that bought it† (Fitzgerald 90). By this, one can see Gatsby lie about how he acquired the wealth he has. When Nick questions his inheritance of the money, Gatsby automatically stutters with another lie- that he lost his family fortune in the panic of the war and had to earn all the money again by himself. Gatsby may have not realized he let this lie slide out from under him due to the rush of emotions connected with the reunion of his long lost love. Nevertheless, he did lie to Nick about his past, along with many other people , including Daisy. When he and his love first meet, he lies to her and comes off as a rich, stable man, she would be lucky to fall in love with. This is not the case, however. He is not as innocent as to have just inherit the wealth he gloats. Fitzgerald states, â€Å"He might have despised himself, for he had certainly taken her under false pretenses. I don’t mean that he had traded his phantom millions,... ...of events, leading to many deaths. On the other hand, because Gatsby was lying and deceiving people to try to reach a goal, should his actions be considered ambitious? Since Tom and Daisy were not truly in love, and simply did not want to hurt the other, should their actions be considered thoughtful? Maybe there is a good intention behind the lies, but never a good outcome. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1925. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2004. Print. Hermanson, Casie E. "An overview of The Great Gatsby." Literature Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Literature Resource Center. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. Sutton, Brian. "Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby." Explicator 59.1 (Fall 2000): 37-39. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Linda Pavlovski. Vol. 157. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resource Center. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.

School: Law and Renewable Energy Technologies

SUGGESTED ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY THESIS STATEMENTS POWER AND THE INDIVIDUAL/SOCIETY 1- Same sex marriages should be legalized. 2- Same sex marriages should not be legalized. 3- The production and sale of cigarettes should be illegal. 4- The production and sale of cigarettes should not be illegal. 5- Military service should be compulsory. 6- Military service should not be compulsory. POWER AND NATIONS 1- Religion is the main cause of wars. 2- Religion does not cause wars. 3- Turkey should ban trade with China. 4- Turkey should not ban trade with China. – The most powerful nation on Earth is __________. POWER AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 1- Gambling should be legalized. 2- Gambling should not be legalized. 3- Juvenile offenders should be tried and punished as adults. 4- Juvenile offenders should not be tried and punished as adults. 5- Law enforcement cameras are an invasion of privacy. 6- Law enforcement cameras are not an invasion of privacy. 7- Convicted sex offenders should be exposed. 8 - Convicted sex offenders should not be exposed. 9- Sex offenders should be castrated. 10- Sex offenders should not be castrated. 1- Intellectual property should be protected under the law. 12- Intellectual property should not be protected under the law. 13- Current intellectual property rights laws negatively impact the development of new technologies. POWER AND THE MEDIA 1- The Turkish media is biased. 2- The Turkish media is not biased. 3- File sharing programs should be banned. 4- File sharing programs should not be banned. 5- Social networking sites are a threat to personal privacy. 6- Social networking sites are not a threat to personal privacy. 7- The government should censor Internet content that is deemed inappropriate. – The government should not censor Internet content. 9- Advertisements are informative. 10- Advertisements are manipulative. 11- Censorship is a threat to democracy. 12- Censorship is a must. POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1- Recycling should be mandatory. 2- Recycling should not be mandatory. 3- Governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. 4- Governments should not mandate the shift to biofuels. 5- Pesticides should be used in agriculture. 6- Pesticides should not be used in agriculture. 7- Governments should support sustainable agriculture. – Governments should not support sustainable agriculture. 9- Renewable energy technologies (wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and solar power) should be stimulated by governments. 10- Renewable energy technologies (wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and solar power) should not be stimulated by governments. POWER AND EDUCATION 1- Creationism/ evolution should be taught in schools. 2- Creationism/evolution should not be taught in schools. 3- Religious education should be mandatory. 4- Religious education should be optional. 5- Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. – Foreign language instruction should not begin in kindergarten. 7- Sex education sh ould be included in the secondary education curriculum. 8- Sex education should not be included in the secondary education curriculum. 9- Homeschooling is a better option to public schools. 10- Public schools are a better option to homeschooling. 11- School uniforms should be mandatory. 12- School uniforms should not be mandatory. The following topics are banned!!! nuclear power plants globalization global warming animal testing death penalty euthanasia internet addiction genetically modified organisms [pic]

Mariono Blanch Autobiography

Hi, I’m Mariono im 15 years old and during my 15 years of existence I’ve learned many things I’ve also experienced many things, but I also have surrounded my beliefs around things I was taught. The one major thing that I go by which I call a belief is expressing your feelings and not holding them in ask for help if you need it. I say this because I had to learn the hard way and hurting others while learning. My mom is a single parent she is also flight attendant so she travels a lot and I didn’t really have a male figure in my life because my father left when I was younger so I had a lot of anger in me and I never really said anything. I wouldn’t say that I had an attitude but it was like I was mad at the world I felt like I was being punished for nothing so as I got older people would bring up my situation more and more. They would ask me questions like are you okay? Are you happy? Should we talk about it? Then I would be dishonest because I was so determined that I was going to keep a motto me, myself and I. I also would get jealous sometimes when I saw happy families together because that feeling turned me kind of bitter. As my teen years started to come the more accomplishments I achieved the more angry I got because I wanted that father and son bond time. It started to affect me a lot I started to think different in school, lashing out at people for nothing so of course people started to notice the difference in me. Then people started offering me help and some I didn’t even know so then I stopped talking a lot and one day me and my mom had a disagreement about a box of cereal and then my body just let go and I snapped. It was like I couldn’t control myself I was letting so much out over something so small and once I cooled down I sat down and thought about it and I thought to myself I can’t live like this. So I ask my mom for some changes so now I live with a full figure family a little bother a little sister and I have a dad to talk to and now I can release myself. Sometimes I will think about my past and the choices I made and how I grew up and when I do I just simply talk to someone without being afraid of being judged. I try to spread and help people with my belief as much as I can and I just want to close out by saying your body is like a temple it’s a certain amount of everything it can take before a reaction come out so you should try to take care of it as much as possible don’t leave stress in anger and you ask for help then release it.

Adjective Preposition Combinations

Adjective Preposition Combinations Of Use the following adjectives followed by of. Each group of adjectives has the same or related meanings. Use the verb to be with these expressions. Nice/kind/good/generous of someone (to do something): It was very nice of him to buy me a present.Mean of someone (to do something): It was very mean of Susan to say that to Tom.Stupid/silly of someone (to do something): Im afraid it was stupid of me to come.Intelligent/clever/sensible of someone (to do something): That was quite sensible of Tom.Polite of someone (to do something): It was very polite of Peter to invite my sister to the party.Impolite/rude of someone (to do something): I cant believe how rude it was of Jack to shout at his daughter in front of all those people.Unreasonable of someone (to do something): Dont be so hard on yourself! Its unreasonable of you to expect to understand everything immediately.Proud of something or someone: Im very proud of my daughters wonderful progress in school.Ashamed of someone or something: Shes ashamed of her bad grades.Jealous/envious of someone or something: Shes really envious of her sisters wealth. Aware/conscious of something: Teens are often overly conscious of skin blemishes.Capable/incapable of something: Peter is quite capable of conducting the meeting on his own.Fond of someone or something: She is so fond of her niece.Short of something: Im afraid Im short of cash tonight.Tired of something: Im tired of your complaining! On Use the following adjective followed by on. Use the verb to be with these expressions. To be keen on something: She is very keen on horses. To Use the following adjectives followed by to. Each group of adjectives has the same or related meanings. Use the verb to be with these expressions. Married/engaged to someone: Jack is engaged to Jill.Nice/kind/good/generous to someone: She was very generous to me when I was staying with her.Mean/impolite/rude/unpleasant/unfriendly/cruel to someone: How can you be so unfriendly to your neighbors?similar to something: His painting is similar to Van Gough. With Use the following adjectives followed by with. Each group of adjectives has the same or related meanings. Use the verb to be with these expressions. Angry/annoyed/furious with someone for something: Im furious with my brother for having lied to me!Delighted/pleased/satisfied with something: He is quite satisfied with his results.Disappointed with something: Shes really disappointed with her new car.Bored/fed up with something: Lets go. Im fed up with this party.Crowded with (people, tourists, etc.): Disneyland is crowded with tourists in July. Test Your Understanding Now that you have studied these adjective preposition formulas try the follow-up quiz to test your understanding.

Walt Disney The Man With The M essays

Walt Disney The Man With The M essays When people think of animated cartoons, one name immediately comes to mind "Walt Disney." He is the most popular and known animator in the world. He wasn't successful at the beginning of his career but he was a taskmaker and entrepreneur. Walt's hard work and entrepreneurship made the world's best popular cartoon character "Mickey Mouse." As an animator and an owner of Disney Corporation, he made a lot of influences in past and present days. Hereby the importance of his life and influences will be discussed, in a age order. First of all, Walter Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5th, 1901, the fourth kid of five children of Elias and Flora Disney. The family often moved from place to place because of Walt's father Elias. He tried his hand successively as a farmer, a businessman, an orange grower, a carpenter. But he expected all members of his family, no matter how young, to spend most of their waking hours working for him without any compensation. During Walt's childhood and adolescence, Elias operated a farm in Marceline, Missouri. It was there that Walt spent his early years and developed his interest in drawing. In 1910 the family moved again, this time to Kansas City. There he enrolled in art classes at the Kansas City Art Institute. In 1917 the family moved again, this time back to Chicago. In Chicago, Walt joined Red Cross unit and spent nine months as a ambulance driver in France at the end of World War I. After Walt Disney returned from France in 1919, he decided to make art his career. He soon joined the staff of the Kansas City Film Advertising Company, which was producing a simple type of animation. He and a colleague, Ubbe Iwerks, learned enough about animation to try doing some of their own. They formed a company called Laugh-O-Gram Films. The company made fun of local problem and scandals in cartoon form. They sold well enough to give Walt and Iwerks the courage to go into business for them...

The History of the Antidepressant Prozac

The History of the Antidepressant Prozac Prozac is the registered trademarked name for fluoxetine hydrochloride, one of the worlds most widely prescribed antidepressants. It was the first product in a major class of drugs for depression called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors- or SSRIs. The drugs history dates to the early 1970s when the role of serotonin in depression began to emerge, according to David T. Wong, K.W. Perry, and F.P. Bymaster, in their September 2005 article, The Discovery of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac), published in the journal Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery. They add: These studies led to the discovery and development of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac; Eli Lilly), which was approved for the treatment of depression by the U.S. FDA in 1987. Prozac was first introduced to the U.S. market in January 1988 and  gained its most prescribed status within two years. The Invention of Prozac The story of Prozac began when biochemist Ray W. Fuller came to work at Eli Lilly in 1963, according to the Science History Institute: In his research Fuller had used rats treated with chloroamphetamine, which inhibited the production of serotonin, to measure the effects of other drugs on serotonin levels. Fuller believed that this method would forward research on brain chemistry. Two other scientists, Bryan Molloy and Wong- who coauthored the article previously mentioned in the introduction- joined Fuller in his work at Eli Lilly. In 1971 both Molloy and Wong attended a lecture on neurotransmission given by Solomon Snyder, a researcher from Johns Hopkins University, the institute notes. Snyder had ground up rat brains, separated out the nerve endings, and created an extract of nerve endings that worked in the same way as living nerve cells. Wong then used this technique to test the effects of various compounds, one of which was found to block the reuptake of serotonin with no side effects. The compound, fluoxetine, became the drug that was eventually named Prozac. Interestingly, Eli Lilly first tested Prozac as a treatment for high blood  pressure and then as an anti-obesity agent, noted Anna Moore in a 2007 article in The Guardian, a British newspaper. Eventually, after further studies by Fuller, Malloy, and Wong, Eli Lilly sought and received FDA approval (in December 1987) and the next month began to market Prozac as happiness in a blister pack, Moore noted. Skyrocketing Sales Sales of the drug took off: By the end of 1988, 2.5 million prescriptions for it were dispensed in America, according to Siddhartha Mukherjee in his article, Post-Prozac Nation: The Science and History of Treating Depression, published in The New York Times Magazine in April 2002, a year when the number of Prozac prescriptions had risen to more than 33 million annually. Though other antidepressants have taken over the top spots, Prozac was still the sixth-most popular such drug in the U.S. with 24.5 million annual prescriptions in 2015, according to Tim Hrenchir in his article, 10 Most-Prescribed Antidepressant Medications, published in July 2018 on NewsMax Health. How It Works Prozac works by increasing brain levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that is thought to influence sleep, appetite, aggression, and mood. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages between nerve cells. They’re secreted by one cell and picked up by receptor proteins on the surface of another. A neurotransmitter is either destroyed or retrieved into the cell that made it after the message has been delivered. This process is known as reuptake.   The effect of serotonin is amplified when reuptake is inhibited. Although its  not entirely known why increasing neurotransmitter levels reduces the severity of a depression, it may be that increased levels of serotonin cause changes in the brains concentration of neurotransmitter-binding receptors. This might make the brain physically more capable of feeling good. Since its introduction in the U.S., Prozac has met with mixed reviews by scientists, patients, and doctors, and has provoked its share of debate. Controversy and Clinical Trials In her 1994 book  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Prozac Nation,†Ã‚  Elizabeth Wurtzel wrote of a nearly transcendental experience after she started taking the drug, moving from an absence of affect, absence of feeling, absence of response, absence of interest and a â€Å"suicidal reverie† to a generally blissful state. Indeed, Wurtzels book helped the antidepressant gain even greater popularity. Peter Kramer in his 1993 book, Listening to Prozac coined the term better than well in describing how patients felt after taking the drug. But others began to question the effectiveness of Prozac, such as psychologist Irving Kirsch who wrote an article in 1998 in the journal Prevention Treatment titled, â€Å"Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo,† where he argued that antidepressants, including Prozac, were much less effective than was generally believed. In 2010, he published a book with the same argument called â€Å"The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth.† Clinical trials were conducted that both supported and questioned the efficacy of Prozac. For example, Jay C. Fournier, et al., in a 2010 article published in the JAMA, called Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis, evaluated patient data from six trials and found that all antidepressants, including fluoxetine hydrochloride, exhibited minimal efficacy in mild to moderate depression. Conversely, in a 2009  systematic review of the literature, the National Institute of Care and Clinical Excellence found that strong evidence existed for the efficacy of SSRIs, including Prozac. Backlash and Continued Use PBS on the People and Discoveries section of its website notes that reports also emerged that some patients felt more suicidal when they were on Prozac. Other negative references to Prozac also began to emerge in society, PBS notes: Lawyers began to defend murder suspects by saying that whatever they did, it was under the influence of a drug Prozac. In all, there were backlashes against Prozac, and later backlashes against the backlashes. The drug eventually settled into the middle of the pack of antidepressants. As noted, Prozac is no longer the most prescribed antidepressant, but it continues to hold a place in the pharmacists formulary, as PBS describes it: It is today one of the dozen or so drugs in the U.S. that continue to be prescribed to millions for antidepression.

Family Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Welfare - Essay Example Even after this, many of the welfare recipients were still unemployed. She reveals that for those welfare clients who were still unemployed at the completion of training, or those for whom training was deemed inappropriate, "were assigned an unpaid workfare placement" (Hays) These jobs consisted of sweeping city streets, serving food at school cafeterias, sorting papers for a county agency and making sure that they were working at least 30 hours a week in return for their welfare checks. Hays argues against this specifically for single mothers who are trying to raise children on their own. 2. Hays reveals the weaknesses in attempting to measure the success of healthcare reform through welfare rolls. She states that although "the welfare rolls had been cut by more than half, from 12 million recipients in 1996 to 5 million in 2002, and most former welfare mothers were employed" (Hays). These figures seemed to prove to the American public that the welfare problems had finally been solved, but Hays argues that this is in no way true. She shows that there are still problems with the system, and still questions left unanswered about work, family, race, poverty, motherhood, and morality. There remained a large gap between what was reflected in the welfare rolls, and the reality that many welfare recipients faced. ... 3. Hays reveals that there are many unique challenges when moving a long term welfare recipient into the workforce. She proves that the minimal opportunities available to these women and families, and the fact that the labor market discriminates according to race and sex makes it extremely difficult for them to find permanent employment. She faults the new welfare reform as assuming that there is potential for welfare recipients to make enough money tp support their families by securing a job, when this is usually impossible. Hays reports, in the bottom percentage of American households makes a wage sufficient to support a family. "Given labor-market realities in tandem with the responsibilities of single parenting, the Work Plan is not likely to lift the majority of these households above the poverty line "(Hays). 4. The Family Transition Program has both strengths and weaknesses according to Hays. She does not like how it tends to punish independence or responsibility among women, She believes that it rewards docility and compliance. In many ways she feels that this program is a form of government social control. She does agree that often the benefits outweigh this because families will be rewarded for their compliance and will receive increased benefits. She states that "while welfare mothers were spending 30 to 40 hours a week in all those seminars, training programs, and workfare placements, they also had to find some place to put their kids" (Hays). She brings to light the fact that if they were lucky, well organized, flexible, patient, and persistent, they could hope to be among the less than one-third of all welfare mothers who actually receive the federal

Venture capital investment decisions and frameworks Dissertation

Venture capital investment decisions and frameworks - Dissertation Example This dissertation has developed a real options framework on the propensity to make CVC investments. CVC investments are viewed as containing a series of real options. The initial investment opportunity is analogous to a call option to invest. Upon exercising the call option, the investing firm acquires at least two additional real options: the abandonment option in adverse market conditions and growth options in favorable market conditions. The dissertation proposes that established firms' propensity to make CVC investments are influenced by the factors that determine the economic value of the real options embedded in CVC projects. These options value drivers include uncertainty, irreversibility, growth potential and competition. This dissertation finds strong empirical support for the real options view of CVC investment decisions. In addition, since real options are created and exercised through managerial discretion that is enabled and constrained by firm-level resources and capabi lities, this dissertation also examines how firm-level heterogeneity in resources and capabilities influence the economic value of real options and CVC investment propensity. In particular, this dissertation focuses on how resource base diversity may enhance the value of growth options and help with timely abandonment and efficient switching. The empirical analysis provides evidence for the positive effects of R&D and related knowledge base on CVC investment propensity, but does not find any statistically significant positive effect of resource base diversity on CVC investment propensity.

Job Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Job Description - Essay Example From this draft, changes in actual wording are done so that the final expression of job duties and related conditions matches the factors assessed. There should be a correlation between the job rating scale and job description’s wording in the document because the inequities could be fostered (Perry, 2008). The safeguards measures against discrepancies are included in the job description process by the HR manager. In additional, to the overall job classification, wage, salary and fringe benefit incentives may be predicted on the information achieved in the job description process. In deriving the job description, it is vital to assess the written document for its adequacy in conveying information about the factors used in job rating and salary considerations. Certain steps in the recruitment process are outlined in developing the description document, and adequate information to help prospective employees to make a preliminary determination. In developing the job description document, the unit managers must convey the significant information about responsibilities and qualifications of the candidates that are used in the selection process. According to Perry (2008), the training programs are listed, and training outcomes are stated in terms of trainee’s ability to perform duties. Thus, performance evaluations are also indicated in developing the job description document. Finally, the information to determine eligibility for claims under an employee’s compensation and similar programs are indicated in the job description document. According to Hernandez and O’Connor (2009), jobs in the organizational structure of healthcare are dynamic in nature due to the chances in size and nature of an organization. Meanwhile, the introduction of the employment of new treatment mechanisms that have influence on duties and requirements of the job requires job description document. The job description document provides enough information for

Health and Saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Health and Saftey - Essay Example Carbon monoxide is odourless and so increase in the ambient concentration will not be detected by smell and there is no equipment in the warehouse for detecting carbon monoxide increase in ambient concentration. Therefore the reasons for this situation are the presence of carbon monoxide in the exhaust of the gas fuelled fork lifts, due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel (Rimmer & Yarnell, 2009). The first action is to move the ladies that are complaining of dizziness and nausea out of the warehouse to breathe fresh air with more oxygen to remove the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. The second step consists of using the basic air sampling tubes to test for the ambient concentration of carbon monoxide and confirm its excess presence (Rimmer & Yarnell, 2009). 4. Gas masks to be made available in the warehouse for use in case the air sampling tubes indicated elevated levels of ambient carbon monoxide. In case ambient carbon monoxide levels exceed 400ppm, all personnel to be cleared from the warehouse and the sealed doors opened to lower the ambient carbon monoxide levels. Rimmer, T. W. & Yarnell, S. H. (2009). Controlling Forklifts Exhaust Emissions. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from Occupational Health & Safety Web Site:

Love- The Gaps of the dispute settlement process of WTO Research Paper

Love- The Gaps of the dispute settlement process of WTO - Research Paper Example The WTO agreements include intellectual property, goods and services2. They state the principles of liberalizations along with the legalized exceptions. They comprise of obligations of individual countries to lessen custom tariffs along with other trade obstacles and to open service markets3. The methods of settling the conflicts are also prepared by them. The agreements tend not to be static in nature, however, they are renegotiated according to the requirements and thus newer agreements can be added to the package4. It is quite significant for the government to make their trade policies quite transparent by informing the WTO regarding the laws in force along with the measures adopted as per the WTO agreements. Numerous WTO councils’ along with the committees’ main function is to check if the requirements are being followed and the WTO agreements are being executed correctly5. In order to put into effect the rules and to ensure that the trade is conducted in a smooth way, the WTO’s method for solving the trade conflicts under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is crucial6. The countries bring into notice the disputes if they feel that their rights under the agreement are being disobeyed. Judgments by specially appointed independent experts are generally based upon interpretations of the agreements along with involvement of the individuals. The members of the WTO have approved to the fact that if they feel that their fellow-members are not obeying to the trade policy then in order to settle the disputes they will make use of the bilateral system rather than taking steps unilaterally7. This implies that it is significant for them to abide by the decided methods and thus value the judgements. The WTO’s conflict settlement conformity is also referred to as the ‘Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU)’. It is the main

Health and Saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Health and Saftey - Essay Example Carbon monoxide is odourless and so increase in the ambient concentration will not be detected by smell and there is no equipment in the warehouse for detecting carbon monoxide increase in ambient concentration. Therefore the reasons for this situation are the presence of carbon monoxide in the exhaust of the gas fuelled fork lifts, due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel (Rimmer & Yarnell, 2009). The first action is to move the ladies that are complaining of dizziness and nausea out of the warehouse to breathe fresh air with more oxygen to remove the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. The second step consists of using the basic air sampling tubes to test for the ambient concentration of carbon monoxide and confirm its excess presence (Rimmer & Yarnell, 2009). 4. Gas masks to be made available in the warehouse for use in case the air sampling tubes indicated elevated levels of ambient carbon monoxide. In case ambient carbon monoxide levels exceed 400ppm, all personnel to be cleared from the warehouse and the sealed doors opened to lower the ambient carbon monoxide levels. Rimmer, T. W. & Yarnell, S. H. (2009). Controlling Forklifts Exhaust Emissions. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from Occupational Health & Safety Web Site:

Beauty Taste and the Sublime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Beauty Taste and the Sublime - Essay Example Beauty has evolved into a freedom for expression. Contemporary art, especially questions the paradigms (fixed standards and canonical/classical examples) for judging aesthetic values (art that has a "moral" and ethical message and that is pleasing to the senses), with artists like Chapman Brothers or Justin Novak producing artwork that are clearly meant to provoke reactions and challenge notions of beauty, that had it's roots in Kant's "Critique of Judgment" (1790). It contemplated on the "pure" aesthetic experience of art consisting of a "disinterested" observer, pleasing for its own sake and beyond any utility or morality. Now, the very word 'pleasing' may have different boundaries and contemporary art is trying to escalate their claims. If Marcel Duchamp made a fountain out of a urinal in 1917, that hurtled the Dadaist movement and that later amplified into a surrealist tendency (where artistic expressions concentrated on revealing the amoral (un) consciousness of man/woman) there by looking into primitive art for such unconventional (or grotesque) subconscious inspiration, to help reveal the complex mental process, then the essential motivation behind the whole thing was subversion or countering basic notions of the human mind, and experiences. It became imperative for artists to reveal truth in a very graphic and straightforward fashion, and that was to become the fractured beauty of later avant-garde arts. If primitivism was motivating a new dimension by which beauty of the mind was revealed, then Picasso completely subjectified art and personal experience into a fourth dimension and created a cubist movement to claim a break down of a canon that no longer held on to techniques, symbols and least of all - universal criteria for judging the value or end of art. There are many socio-ideological forces behind the same and the destructive World Wars had many reasons to question the notions behind the traditional idea of Beauty, and it addressed the subjective, transcendental and alienated psyche of modern man and art became a pursuit of revealing the mysteries of the mind that was not always beautiful. Metaphysical hopelessness (with questions about the existence of God, and the pain of the war) gave way from beauty to absurdity, while the meaninglessness of man/woman's 'Being', made beauty dissolve into grotesqueness, either by derision or by the light of their tragic truth. Beauty vanish ed from the expressions of art, at least the classical expressions of it, but was re-born with a new makeover: grotesque beauty. What makes the question more intriguing is that, whether contemporary art has found a better form of beauty (constructed to please and create a certain discursive paradigm) in the grotesque, since it frees us from any moral

John Dewey and early childhood education Essay Example for Free

John Dewey and early childhood education Essay â€Å"Education is not preparation for life. Education is life itself. † – John Dewey (1859-1952) (Ministry of Education, Singapore, 2003) The set of Desired Outcomes of Pre-school Education that the Ministry of Education(MOE) had put together in 2003 highlighted the significant importance of pre-school education being the platform for lifelong learning. It’s intention were far beyond preparation of these children merely for Primary School curriculum (Wong,2000). Very much alike to John Dewey (Dewey)’s quote, MOE’s take on pre-school education exists similar context. I felt that it challenges the perceived notion that education is only about getting the necessary qualifications or securing a good job. However, with an open mind, education in fact occurs throughout life. This brings about a few educational principles of Dewey which had influenced me in my workings with children in a pre-school setting. I felt that the central concept of Dewey’s view of education was that there should be greater emphasis on allowing children develop problem solving skills, critical thinking skills, and being able to make decisions on their own, rather than simply on the memorization of lessons. Through real life experiences, instead of merely being on the receiving end of secondhand information, children were able to develop the required skills effectively (Seefeldt and Barbour, 1998). Active learning has been widely advocated in my child care centre. I often incorporate and encourage it too. Let’s say I will be teaching on the theme of occupation and doctors are the topic of the week. For the younger age group like pre-nursery and nursery, I would provide real materials like a doctor play set. Children would be encouraged to explore these materials at their own pace and interests. They would be able to experience how it feels like being a doctor and thereafter get an insight of what a doctor’s work scope is about. Concurrently, they would be exposed to the instruments that a doctor uses. I would also ask children open ended questions like â€Å"What does a doctor do? Which tool do you think a doctor uses to hear your heartbeat? If you are a doctor, how would you hear my heartbeat? †. I believe  that such open ended question encourages children to construct their own understanding of concepts. I would also drop hints and attempt to spur their interest when children become uninterested and seem clueless. On top of these activities, for the kindergarten classes, I would introduce a â€Å"Doctor of the day† where the child would, alongside the teacher, assist in the daily temperature taking of children. This way they would understand the concept of what is taken to be ill and what is not, and also who should they visit at times when they fall sick. I would also liaise with a nearby clinic and bring the children on a trip, getting the doctor to assist in giving the children a short demonstration of a regular consultation in the clinic. The children will not only be able to see how a clinic setting is like, they will also be able to pose questions to the doctor to find out more. Following which, I would plan for a clinic role play where children are free to express their own interpretation and ideas of a being a doctor. In tie with Dewey’s avocation of active learning, this concept of learning has been strongly supported by the local context too. In the Code of Ethics, professionals are obliged to promote and encourage children to be actively involved regardless of ability (Association for Early Childhood Educators, Singapore, 2005). Dewey also advocated that the school is a social institution (Flanagan, 1994). He believed that through social interaction with adults and peers, learning would be further reinforced (Henniger, 2002). Communication with peers or adults allows children to think, process their thoughts into verbal words and therefore encourages and stimulates a child’s thinking. Interactive learning is also vital to social development. Being able to develop a positive and satisfying relationship with peers and adults is crucial for effective social interaction and is often a focus of pre-school programs (Early Childhood Teachers’ Association, 2003). In my workings with children, I have realized the important role social interaction plays in a child’s development. Children across all pre-school levels enjoy talking and interacting with each other over their thoughts, opinions and experiences. One way I encourage this is by planning for problem solving in group discussions. For instance, the kindergarten children would be issued a problem at the start of the day: â€Å"What are the features of an insect? † They would then be divided into groups to explore the problem by going into the various learning centres I have set up toacquire the information. This can be followed up by bringing the children on a field trip to the Botanical Garden where children are able explore on the topic and make drawings and notes on their observations as a group. At the end of the day, they would discuss about their gatherings again in groups, and then present their findings. Other than learning how to function as a member of a group, children would also be able to learn cooperative skills and conflict resolution through the activity. Besides peer interaction, adult interaction plays an equally important role. In the Assessment of Licensing Standards in child care centre, staffs are to encourage interaction with children in order for children to be able to understand self and others (Ministry of Community Development and Sports, 2003). In the pre-nursery and nursery classes, I take time to listen, make eye contact and respond to children. This makes children feel comfortable and it motivates them to interact more with adults. I would also plan for activities like dough play and painting on large papers where children are able to proceed with the activity together. Through such activities, they are able to discuss, comment and communicate with each other too. I would also ask questions like, â€Å"What do you think Clarisse has molded? Does it look like a sandwich? † which allows for creative thoughts to be expressed and interaction to take place. Dewey’s philosophy perceived a teacher’s role as a guide and observer, rather than an instructor or a disciplinarian. The teacher is to provide and prepare the environment and curriculum to allow children to benefit and learn productively from it. Teachers were also expected to observe children and come up with activities designed to facilitate optimal learning (Feeney, Christensen and Moravcik, 2006). For the pre-nursery and nursery classes, I would provide a large variety of materials where children would be given the choice to choose based on their preference. I would not interfere in their choice activity as long as it conforms safety standards. I would also plan for activities where children could explore and exercise trial and error. For instance in the dough making session, they would be able to explore how much water is needed to achieve the texture of dough they would like, and what should be added when the dough becomes too soft. However, I would be guiding children whenever they are stuck or faced with much difficulty. I would also put up children’s work like their art work at a prominent corner of the classroom to make them feel that their work is valued. For the kindergarten classes, I would plan the lesson together with the children and come up with activities that could tap on their interest. For instance, discussing with children about which occupations interests them the most by showing them a variety of it. After the children have made their choices, I would plan activities catered to their interest. Throughout the lesson, I would make observational notes about each child and provide experiences or materials catered to individual’s interest. For example if a child shows immense interest in the occupation teacher, I would plan for the child to have a go at teaching his fellow classmates a song. Or if a child is interested in being a policeman, he could patrol the corridors before nap time to ensure that children are not hiding in the toilets or up to mischief. Similarly, under the Framework for Kindergarten Curriculum, MOE recommend putting their principles into practice in a few ways. These includes, preparing the learning environment by encouraging learning at their own pace and choice, planning meaningful activities based on children’s interest and abilities, allowing resources and materials to be easily and readily available and observing and monitoring children’s development. (Ministry of Education, Singapore, 2003) Through Dewey, I become aware of various methods and principles which plays a vital role in children’s pre-school learning. Though there were also controversies in Dewey’s philosophy, I believe that each philosopher possesses their own virtues and Dewey was one which struck me the most. References Association for Early Childhood Educators, Singapore (2005). Code of ethics. Retrieved March 23, 2010 from http://www. aeces. org/code_of_ethics Early Childhood Teachers’ Association (2003). Educating young children. Journal of early childhood teachers’ association inc and school of early childhood university of technology, 9(1) Feeney, S. Christensen, D. Moravcik, E. (2006). Who am I in the lives of children? : an introduction to early childhood education (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson Education. Flanagan, F. M. (1994). John Dewey. Retrieved March 24, 2010 from http://www. admin. mfu. edu/ctlf/Ed%20Psych%20Readings/dewey. pdf Henniger, M. L. (2002) Teaching young children: An introduction (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson Education.

Darcy Estate Management

Darcy Estate Management Darcy Estate Management Space Management and Legislation: When researching the techniques and roles adopted by the facilities managers one key criteria involved in the Darcy building relocation focused on space management. This broadened my understanding of the benefits that effective space management can bring such as economic, environmental and social when effective space management techniques are used. Before examining the approach that effective space management requires, it is important to define the term ‘space management’ and how this relates to the Darcy estate relocation and also the Oxford Brookes estate management strategy and all legislation encountered in the relocation. Space management has been defined as the ‘coordination of property space and economic optimisation of its use’ (Dussmann Service, 2013). On account of this, the overall importance Darcy Estate migration, highlights the need for a powerful space management strategy that will create a more effective and flexible way of working. In addition of foremost significance that the execution of space management is in alignment with the Oxford Brookes University (OBU) estate and business strategy. Fig.1 demonstrates the key fragments concerned with the OBU estate strategy and highlights the significance of keeping inside these guidelines to ensure the execution of any space management techniques adhere to these policies. The OBU strategy expresses that by 2020 Oxford Brookes will be the University that others campuses aspire to. Further emphasising the importance of effective space management. ‘Without a firm grip on your space management, organizations can’t align their workplace initiatives to their business goals’ (IWMS, 2010) In connection to space management, the FM is in charge of various roles inside the building, for example, the creation of a space management systems or approaches, the effects of resources and assets on space, general building layout and internal proximity, and adherence to building legislation to name but a few roles. Therefore the needs for regular internal assessments are vital to understand and mitigate against any potential issues that may emerge. We can see listed below are just some of the areas that Facilities Managers are accustomed to: Forecast future space requirements Identify ownership Identify under-utilised spaces Churn rate. Costs associated with occupation Space administration also needs to address the needs of all partners involved within such as the Brookes staff and the end users affected by the relocation. By engaging with and following up on criticism from all parties involved, it is simpler to pick up what is regarded as essential to ensure success throughout the relocation and also during occupancy. With space management the process essentially consists of internal strategic rotational moves within an organisational department to ensure maximum productivity and minimal wastage of space within the organisation, it is of major significance that the FM sees the amount of space which is required and for what reason, whilst also complying with the current estate guidelines and strategies. The OBU Space Strategy lists a number of goals that these moves need to achieve, some of which are listed: Demonstrate a sector-leading space management approach by 2015. Use the HEFCE Space Assessment Model to define space required for academic and support activities. Plan for provision of 2m2 of space per student in teaching activities by 2015. The development of technology related to FM tasks has made it easier to keep track of organisation’s assets and model changes. Computer aided facilities management (CAFM) or computer integrated facilities management (CIFM) are examples of similar such technologies. The extent of assistance these management systems can achieve is vast, some of which are listed: Move Management / Churn Control Real estate portfolio and Lease Administration Facilities Maintenance Strategic Planning For the Brookes FM team to effectively manage a facility that will align the requirements proposed within the Oxford Brookes Estate Strategy there are following strategies that can be utilised to ensure all requirements are met and the space management is at the highest possible efficiency. Audits – Analysing current working capacities can enable a more flexible working environment for ad-hoc work sessions. Hot-desking – Pooled computer rooms and working facilities, on average almost 35% of space portfolio are vacant at any point in time. This implicates that your organization pays a vast amount for NOT occupying space Fewer Meeting Rooms – Meeting space generally oversized and underused At the point of executing a space management strategy, it is critical to consider the legislation and regulatory consequences that also fall under the role of the FM team. The project relocation will have to adhere to all University requirements, combined with formalized legislation that will also have to be considered. Inability to do so can bring about internal postponement and potentially have adverse effect on the majority of the stakeholders within the Oxford Brookes domain that will require access to the Darcy Building. The most significant regulations and laws that will be included in the Darcy relocation will revolve around HS legislation. The Facilities Managers knowledge is not limited to HS legislation, the importance of considering supplementary regulations and laws such as planning and sustainability combined with contract law are all essential in the FM role. The regulations listed below are typical areas of responsibility covered by the Facilities Manager. Workplace Regulations 1992 CDM Regulations 2015 Approved Codes of Practice Building Regulations 2002. Occupiers Liability Acts 1957. Control of Asbestos Regulations 1987 The BIFM definition of FM â€Å"Facilities management is the integration of processes within an organisation to maintain and develop the agreed services which support and improve the effectiveness of its primary activities†. When drafting the relocation strategy of the Darcy building and understanding the different roles and strategies were essential, it is now clear that the FM position assumes a critical part from inception to completion on any in-house project. The Darcy Building Relocation has helped develop a holistic overview of the FM role and more specifically understand: OBU Business Estate Strategy Customer communications Legislation relating to FM role Scheduling Activities Space Management Techniques With these forming the basis of what the FM has an active role in; a deeper understanding of each was gained and proved essential in carrying out a detailed presentation of the Darcy building relocation. In essence, the FM is crucial in delivering a project with minimal disruption, a high degree of stakeholder satisfaction and a flexible, functional and efficient use of space. These are the fundamentals of what results in a successful project. Word Count – 1,181 References Dussmann Service. (2013). http://www.facility-management-glossary.com/ IWMSNews.com, (2010). 9 Benefits of Space Management That Will Impact Your Bottom Line Big Time. Oxford Brookes University. (2011-2015). Towards a University Estate Strategy. Booty, F. (2009). Facilities management handbook. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Wiggins, J. (2015). FM Tutor, FM and the Law. http://www.mazefind.co.uk/FMtutor/fm_and_the_law.pdf 1

Ideology in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil Essay

Ideology in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil Bennett and Royle in their textbook, Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory, define ideology as representing â€Å"†¦ ‘the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence’† (161). The ideology of self, of personal identity, is represented by a person’s perception of what is acceptable in their society. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, The Minister’s Black Veil, the minister appears before his community with a black veil covering his face. He gives no explanation for this apparel and the community becomes agitated that their minister refuses to remove it. The readers challenge is to discover why the minister wears the veil and why he won’t take it off. Hawthorne challenges the readers ideology of self with his choice of words, by showing how ideology is redefined by each subject, and by using as his form the technique of the parable. The parishioners expectations are shattered by the appearance of their beloved minister wearing a black veil over his face. Children, with bright faces, tripped merrily beside their parents, or mimicked in graver gait, in the conscious dignity of their Sunday clothes. Spruce bachelors looked sidelong at the pretty maidens, and fancied that the Sabbath sunshine made them prettier than on weekdays (Hawthorne 1) These expectations are portrayed by the way the story begins. Hawthorne uses words that suggest happiness; â€Å"bright† â€Å"merrily† â€Å"pretty† â€Å"fancied† and â€Å"sunshine†. But this ‘happiness’ vanishes with the appearance of the minister. The expectations of what is socially acceptable are challenged by the appearance of the black veil. â€Å"But what has good Parson Hooper got upon his face?† c... ...o understand the parable. A parable is used to explain something that is unexplainable and cannot be explained if the reader does not understand it. The reader is in constant danger throughout the reading of having his ideology of self shattered by the very real possibility that he won’t ‘get it’. The entire story is as obscure and shaky as ideology itself. Hawthorne’s choice of words throughout the story set up the reader for a continual bombardment of his/her ideology of self and societal expectations. Works Cited Bennett, Andrew and Nicholas Royle. Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory. 2nd Edition. New York: Prentice Hall, 1999. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†. Crown College. Accessed 27 Aug 2003. http://www.crown.edu/humanities/ratledgw/ENG%20132/stories/ veilhawt.htm> Miriam Webster Dictionary. Accessed 27 Aug 2003.

Oregon measure

Introduction In 1994, voters of Oregon passed Measure 11,which forced long compulsory prison terms for 16 designated violent and sex-related offenses, prohibited â€Å"earned time,†1 and provided for mandatory waiver of youthful offenders to adult court. This measure stood in sharp contrast to sentencing practices at that time, overlaying the state’s existing sentencing guidelines system for selected offenses, increasing the length of prison terms imposed, and reducing judicial discretion at the sentencing phase.The main challenge facing everyone is ‘Should Measure11 be repealed’.   Yes  Claims For Removal Of Measure 11According to studies undertaken, if measure 11 were repealed, Oregon would save over $612 million in the next 10 years. The savings on new prison construction alone would be $153.6 million dollars between 2000 and 2010. For some crimes that are money worth spending, but for stealing two tires, or stealing a petty amount, and bus pass or f ighting, that is wasting our tax dollars that should be going to schools/education, instead of prisons.Mandatory minimum sentencing means one has to serve every hour of every day of ones sentence no matter what. No good time, no early release, no boot camp. As high as 67% people, under Measure 11 ‘Are First Time Offenders’ and 35% are under 21 years of age.Instead of warehousing people and spending money on more prisons, we should be investing in prevention programs, and look for a substitute to sentencing plans that have been proven to be far more successful with far less cost.In the present form, Measure 11 sentences surpass any lesser existing guideline sentences for 21 violent and sex offenses —the original 16, plus 5 more added later.   Sentences range from 70 months for second-degree assault, kidnapping, robbery, and certain sex offenses, to 300 months for murder. Penalties may not be reduced because of the offender ’s prior record —regardle ss of whether an offender has a criminal record, or the length of such record, minimum sentences are the same for all offenders.Thus, some penalties are actually higher under sentencing guidelines in instances where an offender has an extensive criminal record. In general, however, Measure 11 penalties are longer than those imposed under sentencing guidelines. Juveniles aged 15 years or older are also subject to the measure.   Many people believe that the measure would negatively affect criminal justice system operations, and reduce system integrity. In terms of system operation, opponents expected the measure to lead to an increase in jury trials and prison populations, overburdening both the courts and the correctional system. At the same time, they expected an increase in jail sentences.People opposing this; feel that Measure 11 trials are an undesirable risk, because mandatory sentences eliminate any possibility of judicial caution in sentencing. Rep. Bowman believes that a ju dge should have some liberty, in setting the sentence for the person found guilty, after investigating all the facts in the case and the background of the defendant. Many of them think that juveniles deserve some consideration from the judge. Judges feel that Measure 11 is too harsh in some cases. Some Assault II and Robbery II charges are uncertain, and sex offenses are serious because of lifetime registry requirements, but judges have no choice but to impose the obligatory sentences.Judge Sullivan remarks opponents’ concerns about lengthy sentences for juveniles. There are very few services provided to those in the adult system. With no possibility of early release, juveniles have no incentives to re-establish themselves. Defense attorney Wehmeyer also mentions that prisoners cannot earn good time for earlier release and have no enthusiasm to behave. Jackson County officials are concerned that Measure 11 focuses on punishment instead of rehabilitation. Rep. Bowman believes that funds would be bettered spent on treatment and therapy than on mandatory prison terms.Rep. Bowman is concerned that Measure 11 discriminates against racial minorities and the poor, who cannot afford high-priced lawyers. She points to statistics that show that although African-Americans comprise only 2 percent of the state’s juvenile population, they are 16 percent of the juveniles serving time under Measure 11. Multnomah County’s Juvenile Crime Trends Report of March 1999 confirms that â€Å"despite being approximately 10% of the total youth population (10-17 yrs.). In Multnomah County, African-Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system at 21% to 23% of the offender population.†Opponents point out that juvenile crime had been decreasing both nationally and in Oregon before Measure 11 was implemented. They believe that the measure was harsh and inflexible, and that it discriminated against racial minorities and the poor.Counter ArgumentPro ponents of the measure believed that these enhanced penalties would improve public safety by deterring future criminal behavior and increasing the length of time that felons who commit serious crimes spend in prison.District attorney Hehn believes that the certainty of mandatory prison terms is a â€Å"real deterrent† to criminal behavior by juveniles. She feels that juveniles did not take the previous juvenile justice system seriously. District attorney Heiser also feels that Measure 11 has been a restriction for younger teens and a reflection that the public was â€Å"fed up with coddling teenagers.†Measure 11 did have an impact on the crime rates in Oregon. Crime rates, particularly for violent crime, declined in Oregon after 1995. According to various surveys the findings are consistent with the possibility that Measure 11 may have been at least partly responsible for this decline, such   findings   do   not   provide clear evidence   of a causal link. An examination of otherfactors, different opinions, and further surveys, would need to be made before definite conclusions can be drawn.The only things unforeseen about Measure 11 are, that the drop in crime has been far greater than expected and the cost has been far less than predicted. As per studies, Oregon's violent crime rate dropped 41 percent from 1995 to 2001 while the number of extra prison beds required by Measure 11 was less than half the original estimate.ConclusionMeasure 11 has been in effect for only four years. It is difficult to determine its total, long-term effects on public safety and justice in Oregon. It remains a highly charged and emotional issue.The result of various studies indicate that passage of Measure 11 has altered sentencing and case processing practices for those charged with serious person offenses in the state of Oregon. While some of these were planned system changes, others were unplanned and are not fully understood. The measure can be considere d a success in that it has accomplished its intended goal of increasing the length of prison sentences for offenders convicted of Measure11- eligible offenses. However, since passage of the measure, fewer offenders have been sentenced for the Measure 11 offenses, and a greater proportion have been sentenced for Measure11-alternate offenses.Analyses suggest that this move resulted from the use of prosecutorial caution and the reduction of cases which, though technically Measure11-eligible, were not deemed appropriate for the associated mandatory minimum penalty. Although the selective use of Measure 11, along with Oregon ’s prison construction program and reduced crime rates, has enabled the state to avoid the negative consequences of prison overcrowding, the process by which cases are being chosen for either full or partial prosecution is unclear. Prosecutors who were interviewed were confident in their ability to apply the measure properly; however, it is not clear what crit eria were used in making their decisions, or whether these criteria were constantly and equitably  applied. Further research should address how discretion is exercised and charging decisions made under Measure 11.Oregon ’s Measure 11 introduced bold changes into the sentencing structure of the state. Surveys addressed the execution and impact of the measure on prosecution, sentencing, and convictions, both statewide and in three other counties also. As with many policy changes, some of the observed consequences were expected, others were not. Further research and experience with the measure will provide more definitive answers to the questions raised.There are many things said about Measure 11.   This measure has its share of pros and cons.   Whatever be it, offenders above 15 should be given a fair chance for rehabilitation, proper education and good facilities. The offenders should have separate premises and not be clubbed with the adult offenders.   The introductio n of the Measure 11 is mainly to reduce the rate of crime in teenagers, and it should focus on that aspect only.Hence it is very necessary that Measure 11 should live up to its standards and abide by the rules and regulations of the law.Works Cited  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oregon Mandatory Min Sentencing Law Measure 11† Oregon Department of Corrections Statistics, 6 December 2006. ;http://www.angelfire.com/ms/oregonmeasure11/;.Bob, Dee Dee Kouns, Crime Victims United, 6 December 2006;http://www.crimevictimsunited.org/measure11/rebuttal.htm;.League of Women Voters of Oregon Education Fund, 6 December 2006,

Appearance vs. Reality -Macbeth

‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair’, a phrase that has become synonym with Macbeth. It is also the introduction to one of the most important themes of this tragedy: appearance and reality. Shakespeare uses various characters and situations to emphasize this confusion between the real and the surreal, the authentic and the fake, the act and the sincere. In order to discuss this theme, different characters will be looked at: in the first paragraph, the Witches, in the second, Duncan and in the third, Lady Macbeth.Appearance vs.  reality is also seen in the beginning of the play when the witches introduce the quotation, â€Å"fair is foul, and foul is fair,† or what seems good is really bad—Macbeth; and what seems bad is really good—Malcolm flees Scotland when his father dies and looks guilty, but he is only trying to protect himself. The witches' second set of predictions promise Macbeth a long reign. They tell half-truths to give him a â€Å"false sen se of security. † Though the first prediction is true (â€Å"Beware Macduff†), the other two predictions make Macbeth believe he can't be killed.The appearance of the predictions lures him, and the reality behind them destroys Macbeth. The Witches introduce the theme with the infamous phrase â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† in the first scene. It’s functional for the Witches to say this in the beginning of the book, as they are the start of all the perplexity. They become the core of confusion when they awaken Macbeth’s ambition and transform his perspective of good and evil, making bad things look good and good things look bad. Ironically in connection with this, Banquo warns Macbeth, â€Å"Win us with honest trifles, to betray’s In deepest consequence†.The Witches continue to speak in contradicting language, such as â€Å"lesser than Macbeth, and greater† and â€Å"Not so happy, yet much happier† that adds to the s ense of moral confusion, by implying that nothing is quite what it seems. Banquo’s warning is fulfilled at the end of the play when the Witches had won Macbeth’s trust with prophecies that became true –‘honest trifles’- and then betray him in the things that really mattered, his life and his country -‘deepest consequence’- to win his spirit for hell.Until his death, King Duncan was misled by Macbeth’s false loyalty. When the Thane of Cawdor had been found guilty of being a traitor and was hanged, King Duncan thought so highly of Macbeth, that he gave the title to him. The Thane then ironically dies with pride while Macbeth dies a foe of Scotland. The King was under the impression that Macbeth was a loyal and brave soldier, calling him â€Å"O worthiest cousin†, but Macbeth was actually already planning to kill the King, â€Å"whose murder yet is but fantastical†.Even when Duncan goes to visit Macbeth, he praises the castle’s pleasant environment and hospitality, â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat†, but is totally unaware of Macbeth’s plans to murder him. From the first time we meet Lady Macbeth, we get the impression of a strong-willed and bold person, an ideal wife. As the play evolves, Macbeth grows stronger and Lady Macbeth begins to despair, commits suicide and proves to be the antithesis of an ideal wife.She seems to lack conscience, saying â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed†, but towards the end her conscience drives her mad and she sleepwalks, washing her hands and saying â€Å"Out, damned spot! † refering to the blood she imagines to see on her hands as a result of her plaguy conscience. In conclusion, interestingly Macbeth’s first line in the play is â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen†, suggesting Macbeth as the focus of the play’s moral confusion.Within him the conflict between good and evil continue, in t he end driving him to his death. It’s clear to see that Shakespeare identified in life what he saw as the world’s fatal flaw, the inability to distinguish between appearance and reality, using Macbeth as a tool to communicate this. Throughout the play appearances, which are often deceitful, influence the whole plot of the play. It comes out mainly through the way Macbeth saw Kingship as a form of security and prestige but was then faced with even stronger feelings of insecurity and fear.

Eastman Kodak

ACC 230 Week 4 Checkpoint Nov 15, 2012 Chapter 3, Page 111, Problem 3. 16b Eastman Kodak Eastman Kodak appears to be profitable even though their net income has decreased. They show an increase in sales since from 2002 to 2004, but their operating costs also increased by 15. 3 % from 2002 to 2003. The increase in sales was primarily through acquisitions and the impact of foreign exchange rates on their holdings. Kodak’s largest holding, Digital and Film Imaging Systems, experienced a 1% decrease during this period. In a comparative analysis of the years 2003 and 2004, Kodak increased their current assets and decreased total assets.This reflects the disposal of assets such as equipment, plant and property, and complete discontinuance of certain operations. This decrease in total assets can be seen as a prudent move in their restructuring process. They also decreased their number of employees in 2004 and cut back on their advertising expense. Kodak has decreased total liabilitie s by 4%. This is the result of decreases in short term and long term borrowings. By paying off debt, the company is improving its overall financial position. Kodak also sows a positive net profit margin even though they show a loss in 2004.Kodak’s other income in 2004 resulted from settlements in favor of Kodak which will not recur in future periods. There is a drop in total shareholder’s equity, but they have shown an increase in the equity percentage held by the company. This seems to be the result of $104k more shares in 2004 than in 2003, since the total number of shares outstanding remained constant in 2003 and 2004. Retained earnings on stock increased in 2004. The company seems to be in good standing from a profitability viewpoint. If they continue with the changes to the company’s structure, they should be able to stay in a profitable income margin.

Corporate social responsibility and its theoretical foundations Essay

Corporate social responsibility and its theoretical foundations. Australian firms and CSR - Essay Example The term Corporate Social Responsibility though a invention of few decades back but has existed in various forms from the earliest days of businesses. Companies manipulate their businesses processes and go one step ahead then the industry to create a positive impact on the society. Corporate social responsibility of companies can be viewed in two general ways Companies share and invest their income for the benefit of the society. Companies follow the industry standards or apply best practices in their business as to be more responsible and ethical. To understand the basic concept behind CSR we have to learn what binds an organization to be socially responsible. Every organization has stakeholders which exist at all levels of business operations and are major contributors of the business. The company has to show its competency and loyalty to its stakeholders and the community that the business is not only concerned solely with the expansion and betterment of the business but it is als o keen and responsible in contributing towards the growth and betterment of its stakeholders and the society it operates in. As a gesture of company’s conviction and dedication, they engage themselves in such activities which in some way will help in the prosperity of the society and will leave an everlasting impression on those they helped. Also at the same time they can include such policies and practices into their business which portray the company’s business processes as more ethical and morally correct. Concept and Benefits Social responsibilities of corporations comprise of ethical and managerial principles to guide a business enterprise. This is because it deals with everything from corporate image, public relations, environmental liability, lawsuits, relations with governments and worker morale. These corporate responsibility principles are guided by another set of principles. The first and the basic principle is that the firm’s or company’s prod uct raises or enhances the quality of life. Three basic types of processes are identified to implement corporate responsibility principles. They include of environmental management, issues management and stake holder’s management. (Gail Thomas, 2006) Number of factors drive the corporate responsibility trend. One major factor which make organizations more socially responsible is that companies which do not engage in CSR activities might be viewed as those who are only interested in the growth and expansion of their business and are not at all concerned with the betterment of their various stakeholders and the society. Hence ruining the image of the corporation in the mind of people which is a serious risk for business. On the other hand the benefits of CSR for corporations are limitless. Although the benefits would not be monetary directly instead would require investing in quite heavy amounts but in return the corporation earns a position of a reputable contributor to the so ciety enhancing the brand image, employees will have more dedication to work for a company who works for mutual benefit of the society and the stakeholders especially the investor’s would be more confident. Australian Firms and CSR There are a lot of Australian companies who are listed amongst the more socially responsible organizations. BHP Billiton , Telstra, Rio Tinto , Pacific Hydro , Arup Australsia and many other corporations. BHP Billiton is Australia’s largest firm by market capitalization. It employees over 40,000 people all over the world which makes it rank amongst the largest mining companies in the world. As it is the largest firm in Australia and has global operations so it has engaged itself in many socially responsible activities and made it a priority so as to maintain the trust and confidence of the stakeholders and investors. Various socially responsible initiatives has been taken by BHP Billiton which have contributed greatly to well being and uplif t of Australian society and also in other countries where its operating. Along with initiatives for the

Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Assigment - Essay Example The general assumption is that wealth is equally distributed among the citizens yet it is a few individuals who are rich. Secondly, the quality of goods and services that comprises the output and externalities like pollution are not taken into consideration. In addition, increase in output may be attributed to long working hours with less leisure time. There is a lot of money in the black economy like prostitution, which is not included in the GDP computation. Non-market transactions such as volunteer and household chores are also not included. Sustainability of growth is not considered in the calculation of GDP because the country may have exploited its resources hence increasing its GDP. b) % change in nominal GDP is calculated by change in the GDP *100; from 1981 to 1991 and 1991 to 2001 , the nominal GDP has changed by 91.18% and 70.50% respectively while the real GDP has changed by 43.75% from 1981 to 1991 and by 21.96% from 1991 to 2001. (b) The last few years after the crisis have witnessed a gradual decline in productivity growth and the situation may persist for much longer (Orszag). Projections indicate that the trend is likely to persist for a much longer period. One of the reasons behind the slowdown in productivity growth is the fact that a significant percentage of the population is not engaged in active productive engagements. An aging population has also been cited as one of the reasons behind the slump in productivity. The author points out that workers usually display less enthusiasm and productivity after a crisis. The impact of the crisis manifests at the level of confidence on the part of the workers as many of them become affected by insecurities that hamper their capacity to produce. The studies indicate that the levels of productivity have been going down even before the crisis reached its peak in

International economic relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Legal Requirements of a Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legal Requirements of a Will - Essay Example Having understood the meaning of the will, the next step in the process of formation of the will is to understand the requirements of creating the will which has to be legally binding in the Court of law. Following are the conditions which have to be fulfilled in order to have a legally binding Will: 1. The Will made by the Testator must be the final version of his Will. There shall be no will made by him before he finally signs the Will, if in case there is a Will previous to the final Will then that Will shall be terminated and duly notified in the existence of the new and the final draft. 2. The Will shall be signed by the Testator 3. The Will shall have two witnesses at the least, and the witness’s shall have no inheritance of the assets in the structure of the Will, as they are supposed to be independent people who have no interest coming out from the creation of the Will. The Will should be signed by them. 4. The Testator has to be of sound mind and should be above 18 years of age. 5. The Testator should have an executer to execute the Will in the favour of the beneficiaries after his death, since the executer is the one who is responsible for the execution of the Will and making sure that the beneficiaries get their due share in accordance to the Will. 6. The Testator has to clearly identify the inheritors of his will and has to account for his property in full valuation.